Trapezoidal screw (also known as threaded screw) is a common mechanical transmission element used to convert rotary motion into linear motion or to achieve force transmission. It consists of an arbor with a thread pitch and a nut that fits its thread. The thread shape of the trapezoidal screw usually adopts a trapezoidal section, so it is named the trapezoidal screw. The cross-sectional shape of the trapezoidal thread is similar to an isosceles trapezoid with symmetrical slopes on both sides. This thread shape allows the nut to move axially along the screw during rotational movement, achieving linear movement. The trapezoidal screw mainly has the following characteristics: 1. Lower transmission efficiency: Compared with the ball screw, the transmission efficiency of the trapezoidal screw is lower, mainly due to the greater friction. 2. Relatively simple manufacturing and low cost: The manufacturing process of the trapezoidal screw is relatively simple and the cost is low, which is suitable for some low-demand application scenarios. 3. Lower load-bearing capacity: Compared with ball screws, trapezoidal screws have lower load-bearing capacity and are not suitable for large loads and high-speed motion requirements. 4. Large clearance and return error: The trapezoidal screw may have large clearance and return error during the movement process, which is not suitable for applications that require precise positioning. Although the transmission efficiency and precision of the trapezoidal screw are relatively low, it is still widely used in some industrial equipment, automation systems, conveyor belts and other low-speed, low-precision or low-load occasions to achieve simple linear motion or force transmission.

The concept and design of ball screws can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During the industrial revolution, with the development of the machinery industry, people's demand for linear motion became more and more urgent. Previously, a combination of a screw and nut was commonly used to achieve linear motion, but friction and imprecise properties limited the accuracy and efficiency of the system. In this context, the ball screw was proposed and developed. Ball screws utilize the rolling relationship between the balls and the screw, resulting in low friction and precise linear motion. In the design of the ball screw, the balls are arranged on the threaded track of the screw. When the screw rotates, the balls roll on the track, converting the rotary motion into linear motion. The introduction of the ball screw has greatly improved the performance of the linear transmission system, increasing the efficiency, stiffness and precision of the transmission. They are widely used in various fields, such as machine tools, robots, automated production equipment, stage lighting systems, printing machinery, etc., providing these systems with high precision, high speed and reliable linear motion. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and manufacturing technology, the design and manufacture of ball screw are also continuously improved and optimized. Modern ball screws have achieved higher load capacity, longer service life, higher stiffness and better reliability. They have become essential key elements in many mechanical systems, providing important support for industrial automation and production.

Ball screw is a very commonly used mechanical component, widely used in various industrial fields, such as: 1. Machine tool industry: Ball screws can be used in position control axis transmission systems such as machine tool guide rails and servo motors to improve the machining accuracy and production efficiency of machine tools. 2. Automation industry: Ball screws can be applied to various automation equipment, such as machining centers, CNC machine tools, laser cutting machines, semiconductor equipment, etc. 3. Aerospace industry: Ball screws are used in various steering gear, guidance, navigation and control systems on aircraft to control the attitude, speed and direction of the aircraft. 4. Medical equipment industry: Ball screws are also used in various equipment in the medical industry, such as bone saws, surgical robots, medical diagnostic equipment, etc., to control the movement and position of the equipment. In short, the ball screw has become one of the indispensable and important basic components in modern industrial manufacturing, with a wide range of applications.